The Death Penalty Free Essays

POLS 2202 – PAPER #1 Share information with your classmates by topic if you wish. Post your Topic Sentence/abbreviated Thesis for peer review. Identify the main issues and answer the question posed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Analyze the issues (for instance, the Constitution, which sections/Amendments apply†¦ how does the SCOTUS interpret such). Make a conclusion and a recommendation to solve the issues you identified. FACTS SHOULD ONLY BE A COUPLE OF PARAGRAPHS – FOCUS ON THE ISSUES AND be specific in your recommendation. Naturally you must cite sources†¦ Please do not overly complicate this task. For all students, the paper is due in the DROPBOX as assigned or it is late. The penalty for late work in 10% per day and no credit will be given three (3) days thereafter, so just get it done and turned in on time. Save the document in word in either . doc or . docx format or I will not be able to open the document and you will not receive credit for the assignment. Do not send the paper to me via email – use the DROPBOX. The length is four (4) pages. Use your textbook and at least three other sources. Use 12 point – Times New Roman font. Citations should be made in the body of the work using MLA style. Include a BIBLIOGRAPHY with your paper, do not submit it separately. Please do not overly complicate this. See the Syllabus for deadlines, News for specifics and Content for Rubric and writing tips. Feel free to ask questions/share research with your classmates who are writing under the same topic, just be careful that you do not copy their work. It may help to draft an Abstract before you get deep into your writing. An abstract is a short summary of your completed research. If done well, it makes the reader want to learn more about your research. http://research. erkeley. edu/ucday/abstract. html http://www. duke. edu/~buthe/downloads/teaching/Buthe_Paperwriting_Mimeo. pdf http://classweb. gmu. edu/WAC/EnglishGuide/Critical/index. html You do not have to follow any specific format for the Abstract. Provide your Thesis, identify the main points of your analysis and tell us whether AA/death penalty/profiling, respectfully can and should be used in the United States. List any questions you may have on the Discussion Board. Please read the assigned material and the syllabus BEFORE posting a question. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Using case law and analytical reasoning, the student will explain what Affirmative Action means and determine which side should prevail in the Fisher v. University of Texas case that will be decided by the Supreme Court this term, telling the reader why. Finally, the writer should explain whether he/she believes race-based admissions programs should be used in US colleges. In particular, please: A. Define the term Affirmative Action (AA) and give a brief historical overview. B. Can AA be used in public college admissions in the United States. As part f this answer please summarize the holdings in the Gratz and Grutter decisions and the 14th Amendment. C. Identify and analyze at least two (2) reasons supporting the practice and at least two (2) reasons opposing the practice. D. Which side should prevail in the Fisher case, stating why. E. Should race-based admissions programs be used in US colleges. PLEASE BE SPECIFIC AND DO NOT SIT ON THE FENCE. Additional Information: Overview †“ http://www. oeod. uci. edu/aa. html http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/affirmative-action/ http://www. huffingtonpost. om/2012/08/20/uc-affirmative-action-supreme-court_n_1811574. html http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kn48t-X0uNU Gratz/Grutter – http://www. civilrights. org/equal-opportunity/gratz-grutter/ http://www. npr. org/news/specials/michigan/ http://www. oyez. org/cases/2000-2009/2002/2002_02_516 http://inamerica. blogs. cnn. com/2012/03/10/opinion-its-time-for-equal-to-mean-equal/ Fisher – http://www. oyez. org/cases/2010-2019/2012/2012_11_345 http://www. nytimes. com/2012/04/02/education/university-of-texas-mysterious-adm issions-process. html? _r=1ref=universityoftexas http://www. ytimes. com/2012/01/22/opinion/sunday/the-affirmative-action-war-goes-on. html? _r=1 PROFILING BY RACE Using case law, constitutional theory and analytical reasoning, the student will explain what â€Å"racial profiling† means, explain what the â€Å"show me your pape rs† provision of Arizona law means and identify the key issues related to racial profiling at airports, telling the reader why. Finally, the writer should explain whether he/she believes racial should be used in US airports to identify prospective terrorists. A. Define the term Racial Profiling and give a brief historical overview. B. Does Arizona SB 1070 (i. e. â€Å"show me your papers†) violate the constitutional rights of individuals passing through that state. C. Identify and analyze at least two (2) reasons supporting the practice and at least two (2) reasons opposing the practice. D. Is profiling by race at airports constitutional. E. Even if legal, is there a better way to identify suspected terrorists. PLEASE BE SPECIFIC AND DO NOT SIT ON THE FENCE. Additional Information: Overview – http://www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2003/June/racial_profiling_fact_sheet. pdf http://www. aclu. rg/racial-justice/racial-profiling Arizona – http://www. ncsl. org/issues-research/immig/analysis-of-arizonas-immigration-law. aspx http://www. politico. com/blogs/under-the-radar/2012/09/judge-to-allow-arizona-to-enforce-key-part-of-antiillegal-134610. html http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/09/06/arizona-immigration-law_n_1860625. html http://latino. foxnews. com/latino/news/2012/09/06/arizona-immigration-a ctivists-police-prep-for-life-after-how-me-your-papers/ Airports – http://www. choices. edu/resources/supplemental_tah_race7. php http://www. huffingtonpost. om/2012/05/09/airport-racial-profiling-app-transportation-security-administration_n_1503239. html http://www. haaretz. com/print-edition/news/in-israel-racial-profiling-doesn-t-warrant-debate-or-apologies-1. 261075 http://www. thedailybeast. com/articles/2010/11/29/airport-security-lets-profile-muslims. html DEATH PENALTY Using case law, constitutional theory and analytical reasoning, the student will explain what â€Å"capital punishment† means, explain the process of federalism related to criminal law in the U. S, and give meaning to recent SCOTUS decisions in this regard. Finally, the writer should explain whether he/she believes Minnesota should adopt the penalty. Question: Can and should the death penalty be used in the US? A. Define the term â€Å"capital punishment† and give a brief historical overview. B. Define the term â€Å"federalism† and explain its relevance to state versus federal regulation of capital punishment. C. Analyze the Pro’s and Con’s of the practice, focusing on deterrence and expense. D. Determine if the Constitution should allow for the execution of a minor under age 18. E. Determine if Minnesota should adopt the penalty. PLEASE GIVE EXAMPLES AND SCOTUS GUIDANCE. BE SPECIFIC AND DO NOT SIT ON THE FENCE. Additional Information: Overview – http://www. law. cornell. edu/wex/death_penalty http://www. umc. org/site/c. lwL4KnN1LtH/b. 2248845/k. 5F14/Death_Penalty_Overview. htm http://erlc. com/article/capital-punishment-overview-article-on-capital-punishment/ http://deathpenalty. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=002000 Interest Groups – http://www. nacdl. org/criminal-defense/death-penalty/ http://www. umich. edu/~aclu/issues/deathpenalty. htm http://www. prodeathpenalty. com/ How to cite The Death Penalty, Papers The Death Penalty Free Essays The Death Penalty â€Å"If we fail to execute murderers, and doing so would in fact have deterred other murders, we have allowed the killing of a bunch of innocent victims. I would much rather risk the former. This, to me, is not a tough call. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (McAdams) The death penalty should be legalized in all fifty states, to avert from crime, keep repeat offenders off of the streets, and to reduce taxpayers the cost of keeping those found guilty of heinous crimes in prison low. The death penalty can in fact deter heinous crimes from being committed when it is lawful in a state. Social scientists have stated that the act of general deterrence, which is when the punishment deters potential criminals from committing crimes, keeps criminals from going through with crimes. However, it is more shown that premeditated crimes are usually the ones stopped by general deterrence, not crimes under passion. Heinous crimes have been reduced highly in the states that have a capital punishment law. The death penalty keeps repeat offenders off of the streets. In Michigan a case that represents this happened; â€Å"A man who was hired by Honeywell Inc. , after serving four years in prison for strangling a co-worker has been charged with killing another co-worker and a woman he allegedly stalked and threatened for weeks† (Sullum personal file). Had the death penalty been allowed in Michigan the woman’s life could have been sparred, for the male who murdered her would have been executed long before and never had the chance to murder her. The death penalty may be a long process, but it does not give those on death row a hope of parole. By having the heinous criminals in prisons on death row keeps them from repeating crimes. In five out of seven cases it is said that criminals will once again commit crimes once released from prison of jail. The death penalty keeps the criminals in jail and executes them. This protects the general public from murderous crimes from repeat offenders. The death penalty also keeps taxpayers costs low, because the prison looses members in which the state taxes would have to pay for. The citizens of the state pay for the prisoners, and my eliminating the criminals jailed for heinous crimes reduces cost by a high percent. The average cost per year per prison is about $1 billion. By enforcing the death penalty and making it lawful can reduce that cost by almost half. Half does not sound like much in such large terms, but in reality it is an immense amount of money that the taxpayers can be using somewhere else. Struggling families still have to pay for imprisoned criminals and the death penalty can in turn have more money in that home, because it would not be put towards the prison. There is another side to the death penalty, however. Most people believe the death penalty is immoral and unjust. Some say that the idea of â€Å"an eye for an eye† should not apply to the death penalty. Capital punishment is still an act of murder, which is punishable by law. This is a major argument of those against capital punishment. There are also religious views that keep many opposed of the death penalty. Christians view the death penalty as wrong because of the fact that killing a killer is still killing, which is a sin that breaks one of the Ten Commandments. The large population of Christians in the United States keeps the vote against capital punishment high, because this nation was built on that faith and it is also the highest religion in the nation. The death penalty keeps taxpayers cost low, keeps repeat offenders off of the street, and deters heinous crime, and therefore should be made lawful in all fifty states of the United States of America. How to cite The Death Penalty, Papers The Death Penalty Free Essays The Death Penalty Debate on Death Penalty Edrie Sue Thomas Instructor: Daniel Haynes PHI200 June 01, 2011 Opening Paragraph: Thesis Statement The death penalty is a topic dealing with ethics, a set of moral principles or values. This issue is constantly filled with mix feelings, attitudes, and the beliefs of individuals from all aspects of life. Some are for the death penalty while others argue against it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter how the world progresses there will never be a final argument or resolution to the understanding, acknowledgement, or ending to the right or wrong of the death penalty. Outline A. What is the death penalty, the origination and history behind it? (1) Capital Punishment, or execution, the sentence of death upon a person by judicial process as a punishment for an offense committed. (2) Eighteenth century B. C. first established death penalty laws. (3) Eighteen forty six William Kemmler was the first person executed by electrocution. B. Why people agree with the death penalty. (1) The more tolerable someone perceives imprisonment to be, the less deterrent effect life in prison will have. (2) Capital Punishment has a strong deterrent effect, on average each execution results eighteen fewer murders. 3) It gives closure to the victim’s families who have suffered so much. C. Why people disagree with the death penalty. (1) Is capital punishment moral? Some believe it is not. (2) Many people believe that a majority of inmates on death row have not been given due process. (3) Because many people believe that the death penalty is cruel it is a violation of the eigh th amendment. Work Cited: www. deathpenaltyinfo. org/part-i-history-deathpenalty http://www. allsands. com? Kids/Education/capitalpunishe_xnj_gn. htm http://www. cjif. org/deathpenalty/DPDETTERENCE. htm How to cite The Death Penalty, Papers The Death Penalty Free Essays The Death Penalty: It is Never Justified A young man has been charged with the brutal murder of a seventeen year old girl after raping and mutilating her body. This crime was so heinous and unthinkable that the only punishment that seems to fit the crime is capital punishment; there is merely one problem†the man convicted is innocent. The public is so caught up in bringing Justice to the murdered girl that through capital punishment more injustice is brought into the world and the life of another innocent being is taken. We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no going back and undoing the mistake. There is no undoing in the matter of death. The accidental murder of an innocent person through the death penalty is Just one way in which the death penalty is a completely unethical, flawed, and unjustified form of punishment. Problems associated with the death penalty such as it being inhumane, discriminatory, and an unfair form of punishment, are reasons that capital punishment is never the answer to aggravated murder [claim]. The death penalty is extremely inhumane. Three common techniques used to perform the sentence include the electric chair, gas chambers, and lethal injection. Supporters of the death penalty argue that modern science has eliminated the factor of pain by lethal injection [rebuttal], but how can this truly be proved? The scientific journal the Nature Publishing Group [backing] reported that almost half the prisoners are still conscious although paralyzed during the lethal injection as the drug stops the heart. The NPG then goes on to state, â€Å"If suitably qualified individuals refuse to help prepare a new protocol, the state will face the prospect of continuing to use amateurs to kill people with arbitrary and outmoded technology’ (â€Å"Amateur† 2) [evidence]. Dying is a painful thing. The punishment of death is already extreme, but the fact that the prisoner is being put down with chemicals that aren’t even provided by physicians or scientists is cruel and lacks any compassion. Andrew Stephen, the United States editor of the New Statesman magazine which reports on current affairs, [backing] also explained the inhumanity of the most humane form of capital punishment: lethal injection. Stephen explained how the potassium chloride used in the injection causes excruciating pain as it makes its way through the veins and into the heart to kill the person. Stephen follows this by stating, â€Å"The American Veterinary Medical Association even issued guidelines in 2002 saying that the mix was unacceptable for putting dogs and cats, let alone humans, to sleep† (Stephen 33) [evidence]. How can a democracy in the U. S. which stands for Justice possibly support this blatantly inhumane form of punishment that isn’t even suitable for animals? There is no way to properly kill a human being, it is immoral and unjust not matter who it is done to, and therefore does not hold a place in the U. S. Jurisdiction. The death penalty can also be very arbitrary or random in the sense that there is ot a set standard for everyone who commits murder to be sentenced to death. It makes little sense how some prisoners who are convicted of terrible murders get the privilege of living while others who did not murder in cold blood do not get the opportunity for rehabilitation and redemption. The cause of such arbitrariness can be attributed to discrimination. David Bruck, who was a Harvard and University of South Carolina graduate, served as a lawyer detending those charged witn capita punishment [backing]. Bruck illustrates how unfair capital punishment is in an essay he wrote for The New Republic magazine. Bruck explains how a man from Louisiana named Ernest Knighton killed a gas station owner while robbing the gas station. This is of course a terrible crime; however, the crime was not premeditated and pales in comparison to other gruesome murders, yet somehow Knighton was chosen to be executed. This may be explained by the fact that Knighton was black, the victim was white, the Jury at his hearing was entirely white, and he lacked sufficient defense. In other words, discrimination was a factor. Bruck explains this execution by stating, â€Å"Ernest Knighton was picked out to die the way a fisherman takes a cricket out of a ait Jar. No one cares which cricket gets impaled on the hook† (Bruck NPA) [evidence]. There were clearly more threatening murderers out there than Knighton, but Knighton was chosen to die. The chance that this kind of discrimination will continue is entirely possible [modal qualifier] and illustrates the faults in the system of capital punishment. However, in cases such as capital punishment where death is involved, there is no room for faults. Life is a precious gift not to be taken lightly. Money also seems to be a discriminatory factor in the death penalty, as rich eople are more likely to avoid the death penalty than are poor people who cannot afford proper defense. A rich murderer’s life is no more valuable than the life of a poor murderer, yet the chance of survival for a poor man is much lower than that of a rich man. This harsh fact is unfair. Scott Phillips author for the Journal of Criminal Law Criminology [backing] writes, â€Å"As Former Supreme Court Justice William Douglas, for example, noted: ‘One searches our chronicles in vain for the execution of any member of the affluent strata of this society† (Phillips 718) [evidence]. It is efinitely plausible [modal qualifier] that the people who have money are the ones who can afford the best defense and therefore avoid the death penalty. It hardly seems fair that the rich get to live over the poor not because of innocence, but because of the size of their wallets. Two wrongs do not make a right under the conditions of murder. The system of capital punishment is obviously defective as it discriminates and seemingly picks its victims at random, risking the possibility of killing even the innocent. Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is the only form of punishment that is orthy of murder [rebuttal]. This is an â€Å"eye for an eye† mentality. Edward Koch, the former mayor of New York [backing], supported this mentality by stating, â€Å".. it can be easily demonstrated that the death penalty strengthens the value of human life. If the penalty for rape were lowered, clearly it would signal a lessened regard for the victim’s suffering.. .When we lower the penalty for murder, it signals a lessened regard for the value of the victim’s life† (Koch NPA) [evidence]. Koch’s statement is a fallacy of a false analogy and is therefore not plausible [modal qualifier]. No two rimes can really be compared to each oth er. Rape and murder are admittedly two very horrific offenses, but are in no way the same. We do not rape the criminals charged of rape to show them how it feels, nor should we kill the criminals charged of murder. Killing the prisoner makes us no better than the prisoner himself. Instead of capital punishment, there should be harsher punishments in Jail for those convicted of murder, Just as those convicted of rape have harsher punishments than those convicted ot tnett. Another argument supporters of the death penalty like to utilize is that killing a uman being is okay because it is done by the state, which has more rights, rather than an individual [rebuttal]. Koch makes the point when he writes, â€Å"The execution of a lawfully condemned killer is no more an act of murder than is legal imprisonment an act of kidnapping†¦ Rights and responsibilities surrendered by the individual are what give the state the power to govern† ( Koch NPA) [evidence]. This is once again a fallacy of a false analogy. Of course legal imprisonment is not kidnapping, because it is an agreed upon punishment by the people of a democracy for those who have roken the laws of society. On the contrary, capital punishment is not entirely agreed upon because this punishment is too harsh. Capital punishment is not necessary to govern its people; if the state must resort to the killing of individuals by the death penalty which has already been proven faulty, there are greater issues at hand. In the end, those who wish for capital punishment aren’t really wishing for Justice, or to keep order. Justice and order can be achieved with without the killing of prisoners. It is rather unjust to inflict the death penalty, its only purpose to serve as a orm of bitter revenge that one can only hope will avenge the death of the lost person. However, it is not the place of the state to take revenge, but to bring Justice. Justice needs to be fair, humane, morally sound, and it needs to be reasonable. The death penalty in no way fits into any of those descriptions. This is a topic that should concern everyone. If the people of the United States allow for the death penalty, and the legal system makes a completely possible and at some point probable [modal qualifier] mistake and wrongfully sentences an innocent man to death, that death is on each and every person who advocates the death penalty. How to cite The Death Penalty, Papers